What type of stop occurs when there is reasonable suspicion of criminal activity among the occupants of a vehicle?

An investigative stop occurs when law enforcement has reasonable suspicion that a crime is being committed or has been committed, which can include suspicion regarding the occupants of a vehicle. This type of stop is grounded in the Fourth Amendment, which protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures. To justify an investigative stop, the officer must be able to articulate specific facts and observations that lead them to suspect criminal activity.

In this scenario, the key phrase is "reasonable suspicion," which is a lower standard than probable cause and allows officers to approach a vehicle for further questioning or investigation. For example, if an officer observes suspicious behavior, such as furtive movements or actions consistent with criminal activity, they may initiate an investigative stop.

Other options, such as a traffic enforcement stop, typically arise from observed violations of traffic laws, while a high-risk stop involves heightened precautions due to the potential presence of dangerous individuals or situations. A security stop may not necessarily focus on suspicious criminal activity but rather on general safety or security concerns. Each type of stop has distinct definitions and legal standards, making it essential to recognize the specifics of what constitutes an investigative stop.