Which of the following could lead to additional penalties beyond the initial citation?

The possibility of additional penalties beyond the initial citation is primarily linked to previous traffic violations. When an individual has a history of traffic offenses, any new violation may not only incur the usual penalties associated with that specific offense but may also attract enhanced penalties due to the driver's previous record. This could include harsher fines, extended points on their driving record, or even potential loss of driving privileges.

In contrast, prompt payment of fines typically resolves the citation and may not lead to further consequences. Attending voluntary safety courses is usually a proactive measure that could potentially mitigate penalties but does not directly lead to additional penalties. Additionally, increased car performance does not relate to the legal consequences of traffic citations and would not cause an escalation in penalties. Thus, the correct answer highlights the significance of a driver’s previous behavior and its role in determining the severity of subsequent penalties they may face.